Remembering the Death of St. Francis in 1226

This weekend, Assisi is full of feelings, paying tribute to a spectacular year of commemorations of the most beloved saint of them all: St Francis of Assisi. It has been a year filled with exhibitions, editions and scholarly meetings, but also pilgrimages and prayer. Here at Medieval Histories, we have taken the opportunity to ask some fundamental questions: not just who the man was, but what he looked like – and how that image was created. Please enjoy!

View from Monte Subasio in Assisi

From Jongleur to Icon: The Making of St Francis

From bodily performance to sacred image: how the living Francis of Assisi was transformed after his death through memory, hagiography and visual culture. Read the essay here…

Road to La Verna. Ghirlandaio Source Wikipedia

Modern biographies of St. Francis

03/10/2026

From Sabatier to Leppin, modern biographers have repeatedly reconstructed the “real” Francis, each revealing as much about their own age as about the saint Read more

Scene showing the consecration of a chapel in Subiaco, ca. 1228. Source: Wikipedia

From Jongleur to Icon: The Making of St Francis

03/10/2026

From bodily performance to sacred image: how the living Francis of Assisi was transformed after his death through memory, hagiography and visual culture. Read more

Portrait from Subiaco of St Francis. 1228

MEDIEVAL SOURCE: Portrait of St. Francis of Assisi

01/10/2026

St. Francis of Assisi was a short man, with dark eyes and large ears. He was definitely also a charming man. Read more

Medieval castles near Poggibonsi. © Tesoro di Siena

Medieval Poggibonsi and Surroundings

07/04/2017

Heavily bombarded during WW2Poggibonsi’s charm resides in the suburbs and its hidden gems: an open-air museum, a medieval inn and a nearby castle Read more

Codex Sancti Paschalis

Liturgy, Books and Franciscan Identity in Medieval Umbria

01/11/2015

New book explores the Franciscans and their relationship with manuscript production networks operating in Umbrian the 13th and 14th centuries Read more

Franciscan Nuns Photo: St. Bonaventure University

Franciscan Women – Medieval and Beyond

10/09/2015

Franciscan Women: Medieval & Beyond is a conference designed to frame a mutually enriching conversation between academic scholars and franciscan women of today Read more

Pittore friulano del 1440 Due scene della vita del beato Odorico da Pordenone 1440

Franciscan Art in Florence

24/06/2015

Franciscan art flourished in the Late Middle Ages as the religious movement spread all over Europe as well as Asia. This summer the Accademia in Florence shows a spectacular selection Read more

Francis of Assisi -manuscript BNF 2015 TM 686 ff 79v-80

Newly found life of St. Francis published

24/06/2015

A small notebook of obvious Franciscan origin was recently shown to contain a hitherto unknown Vita of St. Francis, written by Thomas di Celano. It has now been edited Read more

la Romita di Cesi

Romita di Cesi – Experience the true Franciscan Spirituality

23/06/2015

The Romita de Cesi is a hermitage located on Mount Torre Maggiore near the Town of Cesi in Terni. Difficult to find, it offers a spiritual tranquillity reminiscent of the early Franciscans Read more

Road to La Verna. Ghirlandaio Source Wikipedia

The Garden of St. Francis

22/06/2015

St. Francis is known for his devotion to nature and generally recognised at the patron saint for the environment. But was he also a gardener? Read more

View from Monte Subasio in Assisi

“Laudato Si” in the 21st century

18/06/2015

The title of the Papal Encyclical, Laudato Si, is the refrain of the Canticle of Creation by Francis of Assisi. But what did the saint really mean by using this phrase? Read more

Frescoes from the Upper Church in Assisi - Wikipedia

The Making of Assisi

29/01/2015

‘The making of Assisi’ explores the history behind and meaning of the famous cycle of frescoes from the upper Church in the Basilica in Assisi Read more

The Emperor Revealed

Otto the Great (918-973), King of Germany and Italy was crowned as emperor in Rome in 968. Although he spent long periods of his life in Italy, he chose to return in 973 to commemorate the death of his mother and son. Soon after celebrating Easter in Quedlinburg, where his parents were laid to rest, he died at Memleben, where his heart was buried. The rest of his body was brought to Magdeburg where he was interred in his cathedral next to his first wife. In 2025, curators discovered water had caused damage to his tomb, and the decision was made to restore this. In connection with this a widespread scientific programme was undertaken to study his remains. Not yet completed, some results have been divulged whiler others has already been published. We shall follow the story in the following months, but here are some preliminary results to celebrate his reinterment in the Cathedral first of September. 

The Restoration of the Tomb and Reburial of Otto the Great

10/09/2026

In January 2025, a major programme of conservation and research began on the tomb of Otto the Great in Magdeburg Cathedral as serious deterioration had been discovered Read more

Reconstruction of Otto the Great from his skull © AI CCBYSA

Did Otto the Great Die from a Stroke?

09/09/2026

Not only do we possess what is likely an eyewitness account from AD 973 of the death of Emperor Otto the Great, but recent studies of his remains might fit the description. Read more

Bamberg Shrine coloured reconstruction (AI) Source of Photo: Wikipedia

The Bamberg Shrine – A Royal Gift from Denmark?

23/06/2026

Could the Bamberg Shrine have been a diplomatic gift presented to Otto the Great by the emissaries of the Danish king at Quedlinburg in AD 973? Read more

ottothe great with the crown cleaned of later additions

Otto the Great

18/06/2026

German historians of the 19th and early 20th centuries claimed that Otto the Great (912–973) was responsible for consolidating Germany as a nation. Modern historians tell a more nuanced story. Read more

Slab covering the tomb of Otto the Great © Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt 2025

The Emperor’s Marble

10/05/2026

Was the great antique marble slab covering Otto the Great’s tomb brought from Ravenna as imperial spolia – and chosen to evoke the world of Charlemagne? Read more

Memleben from the air © www.oberpfalz-luftbild.de

Memleben – a Royal and Monastic Centre in 10thcentury Germany

13/05/2018

Memleben, one of the royal centres in Ottonian Germany is located at the river Unstrut. Founded in the 8th century, its heyday fell in the late 10th century, when the last Ottonians briefly planned to turn the place into a memorial shrine for their dynasty Read more

When Medieval History Matters…

Mortuary caskets at Winchester being restored © Winchester Cathedral

The Remains of Kings and Queens in Winchester

12/01/2026

Since 2012, archaeologists and scientists have been poking through 1300 bones, the remains of kings, queens and bishops laid to rest in the mortuary chests in Winchester Cathedral.  Read more

Medieval work during the summer months © Raum Salzburg, 818. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 210, fol. 91v.. Source Wikipedia

Biodiversity near Lake Constance in the Middle Ages

08/01/2026

Pollen studies from the area around Lake Constance in southern Germany show that biodiversity increased dramatically after around AD 500, before reaching a maximum around the year 1000. The question is why. Read more

Narsaq with the Kvanefjeld in the backgorund. DreamstineFaure 41090046

Greenland Was Part of Scandinavia – and Denmark – for a 1000 years

06/01/2026

When Greenland was settled by Norse immigrants in AD 997, it was uninhabited. From the outset it became part of the Danish–Scandinavian world Read more

Putin as Ivan the Terrible

Putin’s Medieval Dream of Ruling an Empire

19/08/2025

At his Alaska meeting with Trump, Putin made a curious demand that cut to the heart of the war: he wants to rule as Czar of a medieval-style empire “Mr. Putin also demanded guarantees that Russian should be an official language in Ukraine, and that security should be established to… Read more

Medieval Exhibitions

Exhibition Vindelv at jelling © Press Photo.

The Golden Treasure from Vindelev

17/02/2026

Travelling to Denmark in 2026? Don’t miss the opportunity to see the magnificent golden treasure from Vindelev, dated to around AD 450–49 Read more

The Virgin of Tobed with the donors Henry II of Castile, his wife Giovanna Manuele and his children Giovanni and Giovanna. Jaume Serra 1359-1362. Tempera on the table. © Prado Muso Nacional

In the Italian Manner: Spain and Mediterranean Gothic 1320–1420

29/01/2026

In spring 2026, the Prado in Madrid will offer a spectacular exhibition inviting us into the artistic world of Mediterranean Gothic, 1320–1420. Read more

New Research

Sheep. From: Rochester Bestiary, ff35r-35v. British Library Royal MS 12 F.xiii

From meat and milk to sheep and grain

08/09/2026

New research traces a millennium of changing animal husbandry and cereal production in medieval England Read more

Created in Northumbria in the eighth century, this copy of the Epistles of St Paul is among the oldest books held in the Trinity College Cambridge Library Credit: Reproduced with kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College Cambridge

Pox on the Sheep…

07/09/2026

Medieval parchment tells a story of how murrains among sheep must have been recurring scourges, threatening the livelihoods of peasants and lords alike. Read more

Vikings in an illustration of the Vie de Saint Aubin d’Angers c.1100. BNF ms. NAL 1390. restored by AI

Viking Ships and Fleets – How Large Were They?

25/06/2026

Impressive new research sheds light on the size of the Viking fleets operating in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean between c. 750 and 1100. Read more

Slab covering the tomb of Otto the Great © Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt 2025

The Emperor’s Marble

10/05/2026

Was the great antique marble slab covering Otto the Great’s tomb brought from Ravenna as imperial spolia – and chosen to evoke the world of Charlemagne? Read more

Medieval Landscapes

Wildfore at Anglet at the Chiberta pine forest 2022. © Thomas Dutour/dreamstime 206680633

Bordeaux is Burning — Why?

31/07/2026

Are the devastating wildfires of this summer the result of the shifting climate? Of human greed and stupidity? Or simply of a decline in extensive husbandry and pastoralism? Read more

WEB Wild Rabbit from arter.dk CC BY Jesper Michael Møller

The Wild Rabbits with the Long, Long Ears…

01/03/2025

Rabbits share their history as on and off domesticated animals with the feral horses. Although living in the wilderness, they were very early on considered a nice supplement and hence “farmed” and domesticated for different purposes Read more

Grote Beek. © Henkbiouwers/ Dreamstime 2257460882

The Dark Ages: Nature’s Comeback in the Netherlands

09/10/2024

In the period known as the Dark Ages (c. 300 – 700 AD), woodlands staged a remarkable comeback across Europe, including the Netherlands. Read more

White tailed eagle in The Oder Delta © Agdbeukhof/Dreamstime 167383594

Overwhelming Support for Rewilding and Release of Large Animals in the Oder Delta

03/02/2024

Germans and Poles living in the Oder Delta strongly support rewilding and the introduction of large animals – including wolves and lynx, returning its landscape to its former medieval glory.  Read more

New Books about the Middle Ages

Thomas Becket leaving the meeting at Montmirail 1169. From The Becket Leaves c. 1220 BL Loan MS 88. Source Wikipedia

Transregnal Kingship? Or Regal Kings?

13/08/2026

How did medieval rulership over multiple kingdoms and lordships work out? A new book explores the political, but also the practical, challenges of rulership in the fluid territorial reality of the 13th century, while floating a new concept: “transregnal”. What might this mean? Read more

Ring allegedly belonging to Richar the Lionheart British Museum 1613188845/CCBYSA40

The World of the Angevins

09/08/2026

New book on the Angevin World circumvent a touchy English question. Was there ever an “Angevin Empire”?  Read more

Grave stele of the illustrious vizier at Denia exhibition in the Archaeological Museum of Alicante. Alicante, Spain

The Maritime Kingdom of Denia

26/07/2026

The Medieval Mediterranean was a contested site crisscrossed by fleets and armies operating in a Maritime world. New book explores the Identities, iolence, and networks in the Mediterranean using both Latin and Arabic primary sources while focusing on the Taifa of Denia in Spain. Read more

Cover photo art embr

Medieval European Embroidery

26/07/2026

In 2020, Musée de Cluny organised an exhibition on “The Art of Embroidery in the Middle Ages” (L’art en broderie au Moyen Âge). In connection with the exhibition, a catalogue was published. Now, six years later, the proceeding for the scientific conference in January 2020 have been published. Regards sur… Read more

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